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| April 22, 2014 |
 Chickens to chili peppers Panama City, Panama (SPX) Apr 23, 2014 - Suddenly there was a word for chili peppers. Information about archaeological remains of ancient chili peppers in Mexico along with a study of the appearance of words for chili peppers in ancient dialects helped researchers to understand where jalapenos were domesticated and highlight the value of multi-proxy data analysis. Their results are from one (Kraig Kraft et al.) of nine papers pre ... more |  |
Researchers question published no-till soil organic carbon sequestration rates Urbana IL (SPX) Apr 23, 2014 - For the past 20 years, researchers have published soil organic carbon sequestration rates. Many of the research findings have suggested that soil organic carbon can be sequestered by simply switching from moldboard or conventional tillage systems to no-till systems. However, there is a growing body of research with evidence that no-till systems in corn and soybean rotations without cover crops, ... more |  |
New technique will accelerate genetic characterization of photosynthesis Stanford, CA (SPX) Apr 23, 2014 - Photosynthesis provides fixed carbon and energy for nearly all life on Earth, yet many aspects of this fascinating process remain mysterious. For example, little is known about how it is regulated in response to changes in light intensity. More fundamentally, we do not know the full list of the parts of the molecular machines that perform photosynthesis in any organism. A type of single-ce ... more |  |
 Researchers question emergency water treatment guidelines Washington DC (SPX) Apr 22, 2014 - The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) recommendations for treating water after a natural disaster or other emergencies call for more chlorine bleach than is necessary to kill disease-causing pathogens and are often impractical to carry out, a new study has found. The authors of the report, which appears in the ACS journal Environmental Science and Technology, suggest that the agency revi ... more |  |
Genetic study tackles mystery of slow plant domestications St. Louis MI (SPX) Apr 22, 2014 - "The Modern View of Domestication," a special feature of The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) published April 29, raises a number of startling questions about a transition in our deep history that most of us take for granted. At the end of the last Ice Age, people in many spots around the globe shifted from hunting animals and gathering fruits and tubers to cultivating live ... more |  |
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Building Better Soybeans for a Hot, Dry, Hungry World Greenbelt MD (SPX) Apr 22, 2014 - A new study shows that soybean plants can be redesigned to increase crop yields while requiring less water and helping to offset greenhouse gas warming. The study is the first to demonstrate that a major food crop can be modified to meet multiple goals at the same time. The study, led by Darren Drewry of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., used an advanced vegetation model ... more |  |
The story of animal domestication retold Aberdeen UK (SPX) Apr 22, 2014 - Many of our ideas about domestication derive from Charles Darwin, whose ideas in turn were strongly influenced by British animal-breeding practices during the 19th century, a period when landowners vigorously pursued systematic livestock improvement. It is from Darwin that we inherit the ideas that domestication involved isolation of captive animals from wild species and total human contro ... more |  |
 Study shows lasting effects of drought in rainy eastern US Boston MA (SPX) Apr 22, 2014 - This spring, more than 40 percent of the western U.S. is in a drought that the USDA deems "severe" or "exceptional." The same was true in 2013. In 2012, drought even spread to the humid east. It's easy to assume that a 3-year drought is an inconsequential blip on the radar for ecosystems that develop over centuries to millennia. But new research just released in Ecological Monographs shows ... more |  |
Food shortages could be most critical world issue by mid-century Washington DC (SPX) Apr 22, 2014 - The world is less than 40 years away from a food shortage that will have serious implications for people and governments, according to a top scientist at the U.S. Agency for International Development. "For the first time in human history, food production will be limited on a global scale by the availability of land, water and energy," said Dr. Fred Davies, senior science advisor for the ag ... more |  |
Significant baseline levels of arsenic found in soil throughout Ohio are due to natural processes Richland WA (SPX) Apr 22, 2014 - Geologic and soil processes are to blame for significant baseline levels of arsenic in soil throughout Ohio, according to a study published recently in the Journal of Environmental Quality. The analysis of 842 soil samples from all corners of Ohio showed that every single sample had concentrations higher than the screening level of concern recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection A ... more |  |
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Predicting bioavailable cadmium levels in soils Madison WI (SPX) Apr 22, 2014 - New Zealand's pastoral landscapes are some of the loveliest in the world, but they also contain a hidden threat. Many of the country's pasture soils have become enriched in cadmium. Grasses take up this toxic heavy metal, which is then eaten by the cattle and sheep that graze them. The problem is not unique to New Zealand; cadmium-enriched soils being reported worldwide. The concern is tha ... more |  |
Recycling industrial waste water Cologne, Switzerland (SPX) Apr 19, 2014 - A research group composed of Dr. Martin Prechtl, Leo Heim and their colleagues at the University of Cologne's Department of Chemistry has discovered a new method of generating hydrogen using water and formaldehyde. The generation of hydrogen from liquids is of particular interest when it comes to fuel cell technologies. The results of the project, entitled "Selective and mild hydrogen prod ... more |  |
Building Better Soybeans for a Hot, Dry, Hungry World Pasadena CA (JPL) Apr 19, 2014 - A new study shows that soybean plants can be redesigned to increase crop yields while requiring less water and helping to offset greenhouse gas warming. The study is the first to demonstrate that a major food crop can be modified to meet multiple goals at the same time. The study, led by Darren Drewry of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., used an advanced vegetation model ... more |  |
Shade grown coffee shrinking as a proportion of global coffee production Austin TX (SPX) Apr 19, 2014 - The proportion of land used to cultivate shade grown coffee, relative to the total land area of coffee cultivation, has fallen by nearly 20 percent globally since 1996, according to a new study by scientists from The University of Texas at Austin and five other institutions. The study's authors say the global shift toward a more intensive style of coffee farming is probably having a negati ... more |  |
New study reveals more about our relationship to food St. Louis MO (SPX) Apr 19, 2014 - Tucked away in Hartford, Connecticut, a Puerto Rican community is creating a tropical home away from home through cuisine that is so authentic it has caught the attention of scientists. David W. Taylor (University of Portland) and Gregory J. Anderson (University of Connecticut) took a close look at the fresh crops in the Puerto Rican markets of Hartford and uncovered evidence that gives new mean ... more |  |
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 Dormant plant seeds allow fore greater species diversity Durham, N.C. (UPI) Apr 18, 2013 - Seeds that sprout quickly are a boon for farmers and gardeners who value productivity and efficiency, but if diversity is your bag, then you'll want to stick with wild plants featuring especially dormant seeds. New research by scientists at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center in North Carolina proves that more patient and strategic dormant plant seeds result in a more diverse arr ... more |  |
China says massive area of its soil polluted Beijing (AFP) April 17, 2014 - A huge area of China's soil covering more than twice the size of Spain is estimated to be polluted, the government said Thursday, announcing findings of a survey previously kept secret. Of about 6.3 million square kilometres (2.4 million square miles) of soil surveyed - roughly two thirds of China's total area - 16.1 percent is thought to be polluted, the environmental protection ministry ... more |  |
Pioneering findings on the dual role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis Umea, Sweden (SPX) Apr 17, 2014 - Researchers at Umea University have found that carbon dioxide, in its ionic form bicarbonate, has a regulating function in the splitting of water in photosynthesis. This means that carbon dioxide has an additional role to being reduced to sugar. The pioneering work is published in the latest issue of the scientific journal PNAS. It is well known that inorganic carbon in the form of carbon ... more |  |
Water users can reduce the risk of spreading invasive species Leeds, UK (SPX) Apr 17, 2014 - Foreign species that are devastating water ecosystems could be "hitchhiking" around Britain on canoeists' and anglers' kit, according to a new study. Invaders like the killer shrimp, zebra mussel and American signal crayfish have already caused extensive environmental damage and millions of pounds of economic costs. The new research, led by the University of Leeds and the Centre for ... more |  |
Danone says China recall weighs on first-quarter sales Paris (AFP) April 16, 2014 - French dairy food giant Danone reported on Wednesday a slide in first quarter sales as it struggles to turn around its Chinese business amid volatility in currency markets. Total sales in the first three months of the year fell by 5.2 percent from the performance a year earlier to 5.061 billion euros ($7 billion), the company said. The company was hit hard last year but a false health al ... more |  |
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